Pro-Biological Marine Systems

Most of us have heard of the Redfield ratio, which states that marine plankton contain 116 atoms carbon to 16 atoms nitrogen to 1 atom ph...

Divers really get to see what we cannot keep!  Jealous, well, sometimes.  Just looking at a few shots one sees what an amazing diversity of...

I think the Americans were the first to really make use of filter sox, and thus I will use their spelling for the plural.  These usefull, i...

I've posted this on a few forums, but think this is an important subject that requires some explaination.  Enjoy. With all the hy...

As I've been busy with the rest of life, the time has been quickly eaten-up, but a few more thoughts on bio-pellets are due. I mention...

Since the Vertex Biopellets have been used, I have gone from a relatively high PO4 down to an almost unreadable level and, currently, about ...

What is particularly interesting for us about the Redfield Ratio is that it gives us a clue as to how to control waste build-up in our aquar...